What are the main manifestations of abnormal flow in a hydraulic system?

What are the main manifestations of abnormal flow in a hydraulic system? The following editor will provide a brief overview.

l) Due to filter blockage and other causes, the hydraulic pump delivers insufficient oil, resulting in oil starvation in the hydraulic system. This leads to sluggish or stalled operation of the working mechanism, and may cause the actuator to fail or even lose control.

2) Leaks in hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic valves, or pressure lines not only increase fuel consumption but also prevent the working pressure from rising, resulting in insufficient output force of the actuating mechanism; in severe cases, pressure may fail to build up altogether.

3) Frequent fluctuations in flow rate exacerbate system vibration and noise while significantly degrading filter performance. Consequently, oil contamination cannot be maintained within the specified limits, posing a serious threat to the normal operation of the hydraulic system. When flow pulsations are substantial, they can trigger hydraulic shocks, which are a major cause of failure in many hydraulic devices.

4) When heat generated by leaks in certain components of the hydraulic system is transferred to the hydraulic fluid, and if the radiator’s capacity is limited or its performance is poor, the fluid’s equilibrium temperature will rise. This leads to a rapid increase in oil temperature, reducing its viscosity, which in turn exacerbates leakage and significantly lowers volumetric efficiency and overall system efficiency. Additionally, rubber seals, hoses, and other components may prematurely age and lose functionality. In the hydraulic system, the actuator’s speed must remain within the specified range: at low speeds, there should be no crawling; at high speeds, there should be no hydraulic shock; and the speed‑control device must operate stably, with minimal speed variation under changing loads.

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